Considerations concerning cosumer behaviour theory

The consumer`s scale of preference, which is the starting point of the theory of consumer behaviour can be ilustrated very clearly by indifference curves. The point where budget line meets the highest possible indifference curve compatible with the consumer`s income and prices represents the state of equilibrum for the consumer. Consumer behaviuor theory gains still more practical importance if consumer preferences are subjected to detailed psychological and sociological analysis.indifference curve, marginal utility, budget line, consumer`s equilibrum, individual demand curve, Engel curve, market demand curve, psychological and social factors of consumer behaviuor

Coordonatele auditului in marketingul financiar-bancar - situatia din Romania

The general term of internal audit was established in relation to the financial accounting activity; this notion was gradually replaced by a new approach which expands the sphere of the audit so that the preoccupation for the future is very important for any audit activity. If forming and consolidating a favorable image of the bank among service consumers represents a marketing problem, then solving it requires numerous instruments from the marketing policies; the most important role is attributed to the audit. The final goal of the marketing audit is drawing up a table regarding the performances and the efficiency of the bank, in relation to the risks involved by financial institutions and its operations. In this respect, specialists in banking management have come up with different models of calculations and rating systems in their trials to obtain the most accurate scan of the “state of health” of the banks, and moreover in their trials to identify the institutions which face financial and operational difficulties leading to bankruptcy. The uniform bank rating system is a specific instrument for the supervising activity and has its origins in the USA ; it has later been borrowed by German, Italian, Great Britain authorities, which use influential components in their banking system; later on, their system was adopted by most central banks within the European Union. In Romania, the uniform bank rating system has been implemented by N.B.R. (the National Bank of Romania) since 2000; the specific components that were analyzed are: the capital adequacy (C), the quality of assets (A), the management (M), profitability (P), liquidities (L) and sensitivity (S) starting from the year 2005. For short, this system is called CAMPL. The evaluation of these specific elements represents an important criterion for establishing a compound rating, which means assigning scores to each bank. The compound rating for the banking system is established based on economic – financial indicators and prudence indicators.marketing audit; uniform bank rating system; the capital adequacy; the quality of assets ; sensitivity to market risk

Optimizing the Managerial Decision in Energetic Industry

Making a decision is a complex process which must be based upon a method that is able to establish the optimum criteria in choosing an alternative, in evaluating the main effects of implementing the decision which was taken and in estimating the risks involved. The optimizing methods and techniques fall into several groups. Thus, judging by the number of criteria that was taken into consideration when making decisions, the optimization methods and techniques can be identified as uni-criterial decisions and multi-criterial decisions; considering the objective condition state which affects the problem that needs decisional solution, there can be decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of certainty, decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of uncertainty and decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in risky conditions. The continuous improvement of the decisional subsystem - an important component of the firm’s management - represents a necessity under the circumstances that the latest decades reveal a development of the decisional elements, both in the theoretic-methodological field and in the application field. The decisional methods and techniques must be found in the managers’ decisional processes at different hierarchical levels (individual managers or group managers), so that a high scientific materialization level of the methods should be ensured.decision; variant; optimizing methods and techniques; decisional tree; certainty; uncertainty; risk

Optimizing the Managerial Decision in Energetic Industry

Making a decision is a complex process which must be based upon a method that is able to establish the optimum criteria in choosing an alternative, in evaluating the main effects of implementing the decision which was taken and in estimating the risks involved. The optimizing methods and techniques fall into several groups. Thus, judging by the number of criteria that was taken into consideration when making decisions, the optimization methods and techniques can be identified as uni-criterial decisions and multi-criterial decisions; considering the objective condition state which affects the problem that needs decisional solution, there can be decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of certainty, decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of uncertainty and decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in risky conditions. The continuous improvement of the decisional subsystem - an important component of the firm’s management - represents a necessity under the circumstances that the latest decades reveal a development of the decisional elements, both in the theoretic-methodological field and in the application field. The decisional methods and techniques must be found in the managers’ decisional processes at different hierarchical levels (individual managers or group managers), so that a high scientific materialization level of the methods should be ensured

Coordonatele auditului in marketingul financiar-bancar - situatia din Romania

The general term of internal audit was established in relation to the financial accounting activity; this notion was gradually replaced by a new approach which expands the sphere of the audit so that the preoccupation for the future is very important for any audit activity. If forming and consolidating a favorable image of the bank among service consumers represents a marketing problem, then solving it requires numerous instruments from the marketing policies; the most important role is attributed to the audit. The final goal of the marketing audit is drawing up a table regarding the performances and the efficiency of the bank, in relation to the risks involved by financial institutions and its operations. In this respect, specialists in banking management have come up with different models of calculations and rating systems in their trials to obtain the most accurate scan of the “state of health” of the banks, and moreover in their trials to identify the institutions which face financial and operational difficulties leading to bankruptcy. The uniform bank rating system is a specific instrument for the supervising activity and has its origins in the USA ; it has later been borrowed by German, Italian, Great Britain authorities, which use influential components in their banking system; later on, their system was adopted by most central banks within the European Union. In Romania, the uniform bank rating system has been implemented by N.B.R. (the National Bank of Romania) since 2000; the specific components that were analyzed are: the capital adequacy (C), the quality of assets (A), the management (M), profitability (P), liquidities (L) and sensitivity (S) starting from the year 2005. For short, this system is called CAMPL. The evaluation of these specific elements represents an important criterion for establishing a compound rating, which means assigning scores to each bank. The compound rating for the banking system is established based on economic – financial indicators and prudence indicators

Optimizing the Managerial Decision in Energetic Industry

Making a decision is a complex process which must be based upon a method that is able to establish the optimum criteria in choosing an alternative, in evaluating the main effects of implementing the decision which was taken and in estimating the risks involved. The optimizing methods and techniques fall into several groups. Thus, judging by the number of criteria that was taken into consideration when making decisions, the optimization methods and techniques can be identified as uni-criterial decisions and multi-criterial decisions; considering the objective condition state which affects the problem that needs decisional solution, there can be decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of certainty, decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in conditions of uncertainty and decisional methods and techniques used in optimizing decisions in risky conditions. The continuous improvement of the decisional subsystem - an important component of the firm’s management - represents a necessity under the circumstances that the latest decades reveal a development of the decisional elements, both in the theoretic-methodological field and in the application field. The decisional methods and techniques must be found in the managers’ decisional processes at different hierarchical levels (individual managers or group managers), so that a high scientific materialization level of the methods should be ensured

The Organizational Framework of Modern Companies – Present and Forthcoming Tendencies

The need to reorganize the classic structure of contemporary companies is generated by the occurrence and manifestation of cross-correlated trends and phenomena such as: markets globalization; accelerate internalization of economies; profound technical and technological changes, the informational “explosion”, the diversification of demand together with the “personalization” of commodities and so on. Thus, the emergence of innovative approaches regarding strategies and organization is very appropriate knowing that contemporary business organizations will have to achieve multiple goals (i.e. economic, social, moral, technological and ecologic objectives) and that technologies hard to imagine nowadays can become familiar in the future. The strategies of the third millennium in correlation with the immediate structural development call into requisition the original concept of development as a series of waves of change, revealed by Alvin Toffler in his wellknown book “The Third Wave”. Starting from this metaphor, the paper makes a survey of some relevant theoretical approaches regarding the unprecedented transformations that will occur within organizational structures of future companies in the near future.modern companies,organizational framework,tendencies

CONCERNS OF THE LOCAL PUBLIC AUTHORITY REGARDING THE REHABILITATION OF THE JIU VALLEY REGION AFF ECTED BY THE ROMANIAN MINING SECTOR RESTRUCTURING

The following paper intends to analyse the efficiency of various interests of the main “actors” (in this case, the local public authority) involved in the rehabilitation of the environment, as part of the economic - social recovery process within the regions affected by the restructuring of the romanian mining sector.environment policy, Jiu Valley, regional development